Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026
04:22
Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility
Published on: May 30, 2025
813
Determinants of Infertility in Couples
Suman Raj Tamrakar1, Rashmi Bastakoti1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dhulikhel Hospital - Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal.
Journal of Nepal Health Research Council
|May 22, 2019
Summary
Infertility affects 10-15% of couples globally. This study identified ovulatory factors in females and semen abnormalities in males as leading causes of infertility among 3231 couples.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Medicine
- Human Reproduction
- Infertility Studies
Background:
- Infertility impacts 10-15% of couples worldwide.
- Defined as inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse.
- Understanding infertility determinants is crucial for effective treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the factors contributing to infertility in couples.
- To analyze demographic and etiological aspects of infertility.
- To identify common causes in a hospital setting.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 3231 infertile couples' records.
- Data collected from January 2008 to June 2018 at Dhulikhel Hospital.
- Evaluation included demographic parameters and investigations.
Main Results:
- Mean female age 26.85 years, male age 29.81 years.
- Primary infertility accounted for 74.7% of cases.
- Female factors (48.8%) were most common, with ovulatory causes (52.12%) predominating. Male factors (23.9%) included semen abnormalities (22.7%).
Conclusions:
- Primary infertility is three times more common in this cohort.
- Ovulatory dysfunction in females and semen abnormalities in males are key contributors.
- Comprehensive evaluation is necessary to identify infertility determinants.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Infertility in Males
542
Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
542
01:28Infertility in Females
3.7K
Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
3.7K
01:20Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)
1.6K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.6K
01:22Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)
1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.5K
01:21G-protein Coupled Receptors
131.7K
G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
131.7K
01:17Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling
1.4K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.4K