Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI-Upgraded Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2 Category 3 Peripheral...

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to evaluate dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI (DCE-MRI)-upgraded Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADSv2) peripheral zone (PZ) observations stratified by a size threshold of 15 mm. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two blinded radiologists independently assessed 301 patients with 326 clinically significant tumors (Gleason score [GS] ≥ 7) using multiparametric MRI performed before radical prostatectomy (RP) between 2012 and 2017 and then assigned PI-RADSv2 scores for the tumors. PI-RADSv2 category 3 PZ observations upgraded on the basis of abnormal DCE-MRI findings were tabulated, agreement was calculated, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus. The rate of detection of clinically significant cancer among upgraded observations was calculated. Size was measured at consensus review and was compared with pathologic outcomes on the basis of the PI-RADSv2 size threshold of 15 mm or more, with the use of chi-square tests. RESULTS. Reader 1 identified 5.2% (17/326) of DCE-MRI-upgraded PZ observations, and reader 2 identified 8.3% (27/326) of such observations. Interobserver agreement for PI-RADSv2 scoring was moderate (κ = 0.42) overall, but it was fair (κ = 0.23) when only DCE-MRI-upgraded observations were considered. Of the upgraded observations, which had a mean (± SD) size of 14 ± 6 mm (range, 6-29 mm), 10.4% (34/326) were agreed on after consensus review. Size smaller than 15 mm was noted for 61.8% (21/34) of observations. Among DCE-MRI-upgraded PZ observations, true- and false-positive detection rates for significant cancer were 91.2% (31/34) and 8.8% (3/34), respectively. Observations 15 mm or larger had no false-positive diagnoses and higher rates of extraprostatic extension (84.6% [11/13] vs 38.1% [8/21]; p = 0.016); however, there was no difference in GS (p = 0.354) compared with observations less than 15 mm in size. CONCLUSION. PZ observations upgraded on the basis of abnormal DCE-MRI findings have a high likelihood of being clinically significant cancer; however, agreement between readers was low. DCE-MRI-upgraded tumors of 15 mm or larger had no false-positive diagnoses and higher rates of extraprostatic extension, suggesting that they could be assigned to PI-RADSv2 assessment category 5.