Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Endocrine investigation and therapy

R D McClure

    The Urologic Clinics of North America
    |August 1, 1987
    PubMed

    Insights

    Endocrine causes of male infertility are rare but treatable. Early diagnosis involves careful history, physical exams for hypogonadism, and appropriate endocrine testing of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Endocrinology
    • Andrology
    • Men's Health

    Background:

    • Male infertility is a common concern.
    • Endocrine factors, though infrequent, represent a curable cause of male infertility.
    • Subtle signs of hypogonadism necessitate thorough evaluation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the importance of endocrine evaluation in male infertility.
    • To underscore the curable nature of endocrine-related male infertility.
    • To guide the diagnostic approach for male infertility.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of diagnostic strategies for male infertility.
    • Emphasis on clinical history and physical examination for hypogonadism.
    • Discussion of baseline and dynamic endocrine testing protocols.

    Main Results:

    • Endocrine causes are uncommon but treatable.
    • Careful history and examination are crucial initial steps.
    • Appropriate testing of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is essential.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt identification of endocrine disorders can lead to successful treatment of male infertility.
    • A systematic approach combining clinical assessment and endocrine testing improves diagnostic accuracy.
    • Understanding the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is key to managing infertility.

    More Related Videos

    In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice07:02

    In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

    Published on: August 23, 2019

    In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse04:14

    In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

    Published on: October 6, 2023

    Related Concept Videos

    Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

    Target Cell Response to Hormones

    Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
    Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
    Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

    Regulation of Hormone Secretion

    Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
    Humoral stimuli,...
    Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

    Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

    Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
    Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
    Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

    Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

    The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
    Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
    Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

    Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

    Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
    The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
    Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

    Major Hormones and Their Functions

    Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
    Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.