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Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 7 T in the Rat Barrel Cortex During Whisker Activation
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in ALS.

Sanjay Kalra1

  • 1Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Frontiers in Neurology
|May 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) reveals neurochemical changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), indicating potential for patient identification but limited use in monitoring disease progression.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging and Spectroscopy
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measures cerebral metabolites in vivo, crucial for understanding neurodegeneration.
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves neurochemical alterations, including decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and increased myo-inositol (mIns), reflecting neuronal dysfunction and gliosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of MRS-derived neurochemical markers in identifying ALS patients.
  • To explore the potential of MRS in diagnosing early-stage ALS and differentiating it from other conditions.
  • To assess the reliability of MRS markers for monitoring ALS disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was employed to measure cerebral metabolites.
  • Analysis focused on N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and myo-inositol (mIns) levels in various brain regions.
  • MRS findings were correlated with clinical presentation and disease progression.

Main Results:

  • Significant neurochemical changes, particularly in the motor cortex and corticospinal tracts, were observed in ALS patients.
  • MRS confirmed involvement of non-motor regions, supporting the concept of ALS within a motor neuron disease-frontotemporal dementia (MND-FTD) spectrum.
  • MRS markers showed promising discriminatory ability between ALS patients and healthy controls, but their diagnostic utility in early stages and for distinguishing mimics requires further investigation.
  • Longitudinal changes in NAA and mIns were not found to be reliable for monitoring disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • MRS is a valuable tool for detecting neurochemical alterations in ALS and shows potential for patient identification.
  • Further research is needed to establish MRS's role in early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ALS.
  • Current MRS markers are not suitable for tracking disease progression over time.