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Analysis of Insole Geometry and Deformity by Using a Three-Dimensional Image Processing Technique: A Preliminary

Kit-Lun Yick, Wai-Ting Lo, Sun-Pui Ng

    Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association
    |May 29, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Three-dimensional scanning objectively quantifies orthotic insole deformities in diabetic patients. Significant shape changes occur, potentially reducing effectiveness and highlighting the need for improved insole design for optimal plantar pressure management.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Medical Device Engineering
    • Diabetic Foot Care

    Background:

    • Accurate insole geometry is critical for foot orthoses, particularly for diabetic patients managing plantar pressure.
    • Evaluating insole performance requires precise measurement of shape and deformation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the 3D geometry of orthotic insoles and their deformities after wear using a portable 3D scanner.
    • To analyze the impact of insole deformities on plantar pressure distribution.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a portable 3D desktop scanner for insole geometry and deformity assessment.
    • Employed image processing to define insole shape from horizontal cross-sections.
    • Integrated an in-shoe pressure measurement system to analyze plantar pressure in four foot regions.

    Main Results:

    • Quantified insole deformities across hallux, metatarsal heads, midfoot, and heel regions.
    • Observed significant shape changes (17%-50%) in the hallux region after 2 months of wear.
    • Documented considerable changes in plantar peak pressures (-4.3% to +69.5%) due to insole deformities.

    Conclusions:

    • 3D scanning and image processing enable objective quantification of insole shape geometry changes.
    • Current orthotic insole designs may be inadequate for diabetic individuals, leading to reduced fit and conformity.
    • Inadequate insole design can compromise plantar pressure reduction, necessitating improved approaches for effective orthotic treatment.