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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
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Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

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The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

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The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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The Mouse Isolated Perfused Kidney Technique
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Matching Kidneys with Priority in Kidney Exchange Programs.

Wenhao Liu1,2, Marc L Melcher2

  • 1Salesforce.com, Inc.

Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making
|May 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kidney exchanges match incompatible donor-patient pairs. A new algorithm using iterative paired match power (iPMP) prioritizes difficult-to-match pairs, significantly reducing patient waiting times compared to traditional methods.

Keywords:
Monte Carlo simulationkidney exchangekidney paired donationkidney transplantationpatient priority

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Transplantation
  • Operations Research

Background:

  • Kidney exchanges facilitate living donor transplantation for incompatible pairs.
  • Integer programming models current kidney exchange matching.
  • Patient characteristics can complicate matching, increasing wait times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve kidney exchange matching efficiency.
  • To reduce patient waiting times by refining prioritization.
  • To develop a novel algorithm for prioritizing difficult-to-match donor-patient pairs.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a prioritized kidney exchange model.
  • Development of a novel iterative paired match power (iPMP) algorithm.
  • Monte Carlo simulations to compare iPMP with paired match power (PMP).

Main Results:

  • The iPMP algorithm demonstrated a reduction in waiting times for difficult-to-match pairs.
  • Hazard ratios indicated improved matching efficiency with iPMP (1.3480) versus PMP (1.1100).
  • iPMP appears to be a more accurate measure of a pair's matching difficulty.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed prioritized kidney exchange approach enhances matching efficiency.
  • The novel iPMP algorithm offers a more accurate assessment of donor-patient pair compatibility.
  • Implementing iPMP can significantly decrease kidney transplant waiting times.