Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

623
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
623
Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

4.8K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
4.8K
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

43.3K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
43.3K
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

2.7K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
2.7K
Responses to Gravity and Touch02:26

Responses to Gravity and Touch

41.7K
Gravitropism: Plant Responses to Gravity
41.7K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

83.5K
Overview
83.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cluster Analysis of Migraine-Associated Symptoms (CAMS) across the lifespan: a cross-sectional study.

BMC neurology·2026
Same author

Going Beyond Beauty: Characterizing the Complexity of Aesthetic Experiences.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026
Same author

Identifying chest-worn light logger adherence: a validation study.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Associations Between Neighborhood Environment, Childhood Adversity, and Cancer Risk: A Geospatial Analysis.

Cancer medicine·2025
Same author

Daily light exposure habits of youth with migraine: A prospective pilot study.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

The tilt illusion arises from an efficient reallocation of neural coding resources at the contextual boundary.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Facial Nerve Axotomy in Mice: A Model to Study Motoneuron Response to Injury
10:11

Facial Nerve Axotomy in Mice: A Model to Study Motoneuron Response to Injury

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.7K

Behavioural and Neural Responses to Facial Disfigurement.

Franziska Hartung1,2, Anja Jamrozik3, Miriam E Rosen3

  • 1Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Neurology at the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Goddard Laboratory 3710, Hamilton Walk, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA. fhartung@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.

Scientific Reports
|May 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary

People exhibit an implicit bias associating disfigurement with negative traits. Brain imaging reveals heightened visual cortex activity for disfigured faces, suggesting attention to salience, not reward, and reduced empathy signals.

More Related Videos

Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans
04:27

Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans

Published on: March 15, 2019

11.8K
Behavioural Pharmacology in Classical Conditioning of the Proboscis Extension Response in Honeybees Apis mellifera
10:36

Behavioural Pharmacology in Classical Conditioning of the Proboscis Extension Response in Honeybees Apis mellifera

Published on: January 24, 2011

20.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Facial Nerve Axotomy in Mice: A Model to Study Motoneuron Response to Injury
10:11

Facial Nerve Axotomy in Mice: A Model to Study Motoneuron Response to Injury

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.7K
Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans
04:27

Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans

Published on: March 15, 2019

11.8K
Behavioural Pharmacology in Classical Conditioning of the Proboscis Extension Response in Honeybees Apis mellifera
10:36

Behavioural Pharmacology in Classical Conditioning of the Proboscis Extension Response in Honeybees Apis mellifera

Published on: January 24, 2011

20.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Attractive faces elicit positive associations and heightened neural responses in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding behavioral and neural reactions to disfigured faces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the 'disfigured is bad' bias.
  • To determine if neural responses to disfigured faces reflect attentional salience or reward processing.
  • To explore the neural correlates of empathy and social cognition towards disfigured individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A behavioral study (N=79) assessed implicit biases.
  • A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment (N=31) examined brain activity in response to disfigured faces.
  • Analysis focused on ventral occipito-temporal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex activity.

Main Results:

  • The behavioral study confirmed an implicit 'disfigured is bad' bias.
  • fMRI revealed increased neural responses in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex to disfigured faces.
  • Diminished activity was observed in the anterior cingulate cortex, potentially indicating suppressed empathy.

Conclusions:

  • Ventral occipito-temporal cortex activity suggests sensitivity to facial salience and attention, rather than reward.
  • Anterior cingulate cortex deactivation may reflect a neural mechanism underlying dehumanization by suppressing empathy and social cognition.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay between perception, bias, and neural processing of facial disfigurement.