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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Cancer mortality in the elderly in 11 countries worldwide, 1970-2015.

G Carioli1, M Malvezzi1, P Bertuccio2

  • 1Departments of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology
|June 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cancer mortality in older adults has generally declined globally, with notable exceptions in lung, uterine, liver, pancreatic, and kidney cancers. Elderly cancer mortality remains high in Eastern Europe.

Keywords:
cancerelderlymortality ratesworldwide

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Global population aging increases the cancer burden in the elderly.
  • Cancer impacts older adults significantly, necessitating analysis of mortality trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate time-trends in cancer mortality for adults aged 65 and over.
  • Analysis covers 17 major cancer types and all cancers combined across 11 countries from 1970-2015.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized World Health Organization (WHO) and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) databases for cancer death certification and population data.
  • Calculated age-standardized mortality rates using the world standard population for individuals aged 65 and over.
  • Applied joinpoint regression models to analyze trends over the study period.

Main Results:

  • Overall age-standardized cancer mortality rates showed a widespread decline, though heterogeneous.
  • Lung cancer mortality decreased in men but increased in women; pancreatic cancer showed unfavorable trends globally.
  • Stomach and colorectal cancer mortality declined; liver cancer increased globally (except Japan, France, Italy); breast cancer decreased in most countries.
  • Uterine cancer rates increased in the USA, Canada, and UK recently; ovarian cancer rates declined.
  • Prostate cancer rates generally declined; lymphoid neoplasms rates decreased, with exceptions in Poland and Russia.

Conclusions:

  • Age-standardized cancer mortality in the elderly has decreased globally for most major cancer sites.
  • Significant exceptions include lung and uterine cancers in women, and liver, pancreatic, and kidney cancers in both sexes.
  • Cancer mortality rates for the elderly in Central and Eastern Europe remain comparatively high.