The biomechanical difference between running with traditional and 3D printed orthoses

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Sports Medicine
• Orthotics

Background:

• Excessive foot pronation and high vertical loading rates are linked to running injuries.
• Traditional plaster-molded (TPM) foot orthoses are standard for managing these issues.
• The functional efficacy of newer 3D printed (3DP) orthoses compared to TPM remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the biomechanical effects and perceived comfort of 3DP orthoses, TPM orthoses, and no orthoses (CON) during running.
• To investigate if 3DP orthoses offer a comparable or superior alternative to TPM orthoses.

Main Methods:

• Thirteen female runners with excessive foot pronation participated.
• Running biomechanics (rearfoot eversion, vertical loading rates) and perceived comfort were assessed on a treadmill.
• Three conditions were tested: 3DP orthoses, TPM orthoses, and CON.

Main Results:

• Both TPM and 3DP orthoses significantly reduced peak rearfoot eversion angles compared to CON.
• No significant differences were found in other biomechanical parameters between the three conditions.
• TPM and 3DP orthoses enhanced perceived comfort, specifically in medial-lateral control and heel cushioning, compared to CON.

Conclusions:

• 3D printed (3DP) and traditional plaster-molded (TPM) foot orthoses enhance running comfort and reduce excessive foot pronation.
• No significant biomechanical or comfort differences exist between 3DP and TPM orthoses.
• 3DP orthoses represent a viable alternative to TPM orthoses in clinical practice for runners with excessive pronation.