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Off-resonance correction for pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling using the optimized encoding scheme.

Eleanor S K Berry1, Peter Jezzard1, Thomas W Okell1

  • 1Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method corrects off-resonance effects in pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) MRI, improving perfusion imaging accuracy. This technique enhances signal-to-noise ratio efficiency and corrects vascular mapping errors, crucial for reliable cerebral blood flow assessment.

Keywords:
B(0) inhomogeneityOff-resonance correctionPerfusion imagingPseudo-continuous arterial spin labelingVessel-encoding

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Medical Physics
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) is a non-invasive MRI technique for perfusion imaging and angiography.
  • Off-resonance effects in PCASL cause signal loss and cerebral blood flow underestimation, particularly at high fields or with metallic implants.
  • These artifacts lead to spatially varying signal intensity and compromised signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a prospective correction technique for off-resonance effects in PCASL and vessel-encoded PCASL (VEPCASL).
  • To improve the accuracy of perfusion quantification and vascular territory mapping in the presence of magnetic field inhomogeneities.
  • To maintain SNR efficiency and reduce signal bias in PCASL imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a prospective correction technique using an optimized encoding scheme with rapid calculation of transverse gradient blips and RF phase modulations.
  • Acquired a single-slice fieldmap for rapid calculation of phase offsets due to off-resonance.
  • Applied the method to both conventional PCASL and VEPCASL, validated through simulations and experiments in healthy volunteers and phantoms.

Main Results:

  • Off-resonance effects introduce significant bias in perfusion signal across vascular territories and reduce SNR efficiency by approximately 40% in vivo.
  • VEPCASL showed incorrect assignment of vessel-selective signals and spatial distortions in phantom experiments.
  • The proposed correction method restored SNR efficiency to levels observed without off-resonance effects and corrected VEPCASL vascular territory mapping errors.

Conclusions:

  • The developed prospective correction technique effectively mitigates off-resonance artifacts in PCASL and VEPCASL.
  • This approach significantly improves SNR efficiency and accuracy in perfusion imaging and vascular mapping.
  • The rapid calculation and fieldmap acquisition allow for seamless integration into existing MRI protocols with minimal impact on scan time.