Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

DNA Packaging00:58

DNA Packaging

112.2K
Overview
112.2K
Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

19.0K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
19.0K
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

21.8K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
21.8K
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

9.6K
9.6K
Velocity and Position by Integral Method01:13

Velocity and Position by Integral Method

7.4K
If acceleration as a function of time is known, then velocity and position functions can be derived using integral calculus. For constant acceleration, the integral equations refer to the first and second kinematic equations for velocity and position functions, respectively.
Consider an example to calculate the velocity and position from the acceleration function. A motorboat is traveling at a constant velocity of 5.0 m/s when it starts to decelerate to arrive at the dock. Its acceleration is...
7.4K
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)01:22

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)

1.2K
The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, or SPSS, is a data management and analysis software suite. Developed by SPSS Inc. in 1968 and acquired by IBM in 2009, this tool was initially designed for social science data analysis, evolving to serve a wider range of disciplines. It was later renamed to Statistical Product and Service Solutions.
SPSS streamlines the process from data preparation to analysis and reporting. It is characterized by its user-friendly interface, which conceals...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predictive Model with Improved Statistical Analysis of Interactive Factors Affecting the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus 196E.

Journal of food protection·2019
Same author

Contamination of Flexible Pouches Challenged by Immersion Biotesting <sup>†</sup>.

Journal of food protection·2019
Same author

Improved Recovery of Stressed Bifidobacterium from Water and Frozen Yogurt.

Journal of food protection·2019
Same author

Low Temperature Growth and Thermal Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in Precooked Crawfish Tail Meat <sup>1</sup>.

Journal of food protection·2019
Same author

Evaluation of Methods for Extraction of Enteric Virus from Louisiana Oysters.

Journal of food protection·2019
Same author

Detection of Enteroviruses and Bacterial Indicators and Pathogens in Louisiana Oysters and Their Overlying Waters.

Journal of food protection·2019
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin
06:10

Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin

Published on: August 22, 2018

8.6K

Bioaerosol Exposure Method for Package Integrity Testing †.

Scott W Keller1, Joseph E Marcy1, Barbara A Blakistone2

  • 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061.

Journal of Food Protection
|June 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Motile Pseudomonas fragi with high concentrations significantly increased microbial ingress into flexible plastic pouches with defects. This highlights the importance of packaging integrity for microbial barrier properties.

Keywords:
Bioaerosolchannel leakspackage integrity

More Related Videos

An Efficient In Vitro Transposition Method by a Transcriptionally Regulated Sleeping Beauty System Packaged into an Integration Defective Lentiviral Vector
10:13

An Efficient In Vitro Transposition Method by a Transcriptionally Regulated Sleeping Beauty System Packaged into an Integration Defective Lentiviral Vector

Published on: January 12, 2018

9.4K
Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions
05:45

Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions

Published on: January 7, 2019

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin
06:10

Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin

Published on: August 22, 2018

8.6K
An Efficient In Vitro Transposition Method by a Transcriptionally Regulated Sleeping Beauty System Packaged into an Integration Defective Lentiviral Vector
10:13

An Efficient In Vitro Transposition Method by a Transcriptionally Regulated Sleeping Beauty System Packaged into an Integration Defective Lentiviral Vector

Published on: January 12, 2018

9.4K
Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions
05:45

Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions

Published on: January 7, 2019

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Materials Science
  • Food Safety

Background:

  • Microbial contamination of packaged food poses a significant food safety risk.
  • Understanding factors influencing microbial ingress into packaging is crucial for developing effective barrier solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of various factors on microbial ingress into flexible plastic pouches.
  • To determine the influence of test organism motility, concentration, aerosol exposure time, and defect characteristics on microbial penetration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 128 flexible plastic pouches with microtube defects (10- and 20-μm diameter; 5- and 10-mm length).
  • Exposed pouches to a bioaerosol of Pseudomonas fragi (motile/nonmotile) at varying concentrations (10^2 or 10^6 CFU/ml) and exposure times (15 or 30 minutes).
  • Assessed microbial growth after 72-hour incubation.

Main Results:

  • Microbial ingress was observed in six pouches.
  • Significant microbial ingress (P < .05) occurred with motile test organisms at a source concentration of 10^6 CFU/ml.
  • Motility and higher concentration were key factors for microbial penetration.

Conclusions:

  • Motility and high microbial concentration are critical factors for microbial ingress into flexible plastic packaging defects.
  • Packaging integrity is paramount in preventing microbial contamination, especially for motile organisms at high concentrations.
  • Further research may explore specific defect types and their interaction with microbial properties.