Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Guidelines for Writing Outcome01:11

Guidelines for Writing Outcome

3.7K
When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...
3.7K
Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

394
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
394
First Order Systems01:21

First Order Systems

411
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
411
Second Order systems I01:20

Second Order systems I

580
A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
580
Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

5.8K
Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
5.8K
Comparative Excretory Systems02:24

Comparative Excretory Systems

26.6K
Animals have evolved different strategies for excretion, the removal of waste from the body. Most waste must be dissolved in water to be excreted, so an animal’s excretory strategy directly affects its water balance.
26.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multi-user frequency selective beam steering by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in the Ka-band.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Partially substrateless microchannels for direct monitoring of interfacial dynamics in hydrophobic surfaces.

Communications engineering·2025
Same author

Drainage during Condensation on Microgrooved Biphilic Surfaces.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2023
Same author

Characterization of an Isostructural MOF Series of Imidazolate Frameworks Potsdam by Means of Sorption Experiments with Water Vapor.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2021
Same author

Thermally Conductive Polyethylene/Expanded Graphite Composites as Heat Transfer Surface: Mechanical, Thermo-Physical and Surface Behavior.

Polymers·2020
Same author

Tunable graduated filters based on electrochromic materials for spatial image control.

Scientific reports·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems C-MEMS
08:01

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems C-MEMS

Published on: June 17, 2017

12.7K

Exploiting Direct Laser Writing for Hydrogel Integration into Fragile Microelectromechanical Systems.

Julian Menges1, Steffen Klingel2, Egbert Oesterschulze3

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Chair of Separation Science and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. julian.menges@mv.uni-kl.de.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Chemo-responsive hydrogels were precisely microstructured using direct laser writing (DLW) and integrated into microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This demonstrates a novel method for creating advanced sensors with smart materials.

Keywords:
direct laser writinghydrogel microstructuringliquid sensingmultiphoton lithographyresponsive hydrogelssoft materials

More Related Videos

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

8.6K
Fabrication of Micropatterned Hydrogels for Neural Culture Systems using Dynamic Mask Projection Photolithography
16:06

Fabrication of Micropatterned Hydrogels for Neural Culture Systems using Dynamic Mask Projection Photolithography

Published on: February 11, 2011

19.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems C-MEMS
08:01

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems C-MEMS

Published on: June 17, 2017

12.7K
Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

8.6K
Fabrication of Micropatterned Hydrogels for Neural Culture Systems using Dynamic Mask Projection Photolithography
16:06

Fabrication of Micropatterned Hydrogels for Neural Culture Systems using Dynamic Mask Projection Photolithography

Published on: February 11, 2011

19.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Microfabrication
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) require precise integration of functional materials.
  • Chemo-responsive hydrogels offer unique sensing capabilities but are challenging to microfabricate.
  • Existing methods lack the precision needed for integrating hydrogels into fragile MEMS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the direct laser writing (DLW) of chemo-responsive hydrogels for microstructuring.
  • To integrate these microstructured hydrogels into fragile MEMS devices.
  • To validate the sensor applicability of the fabricated hydrogel-MEMS systems.

Main Methods:

  • Direct laser writing (DLW) was employed for 3D microstructuring of hydrogels.
  • Macromers with tunable crosslinkers were used to control polymerization and diffusion.
  • Hydrogel layers and discs (2-5 µm lateral size, hundreds of nm thickness) were fabricated.
  • DLW was used to deposit hydrogels onto sensitive MEMS resonators (200 nm sensing plate).

Main Results:

  • Precise microstructuring of chemo-responsive hydrogels with controllable dimensions was achieved.
  • Successful integration of hydrogels onto fragile MEMS resonators was demonstrated.
  • Proof-of-concept sensor measurements confirmed the applicability of the approach.
  • Optimized polymer composition yielded reproducible thin layers and 3D structures.

Conclusions:

  • DLW is a viable technique for microfabricating chemo-responsive hydrogels for MEMS integration.
  • This method enables the development of novel sensors by combining smart materials with microdevices.
  • The precise control over hydrogel structure and deposition opens possibilities for advanced micro-sensor applications.