Arc-shaped solitons on a gain-loss ring.

Area of Science:

• Nonlinear Optics
• Soliton Physics
• Parity-Time Symmetry

Background:

• Optical solitons are self-reinforcing light waves that maintain their shape.
• Parity-time (PT) symmetric systems offer unique properties for wave propagation.
• Investigating solitons in complex optical potentials like PT-symmetric rings is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the existence and stability of arc-shaped solitons.
• To analyze the impact of defocusing nonlinearity and PT symmetry on soliton properties.
• To understand the behavior of solitons within a PT-symmetric ring system.

Main Methods:

• Numerical simulations were employed to analyze soliton properties.
• The study focused on arc-shaped solitons in a defocusing nonlinear medium.
• Analysis included varying gain and loss terms in the PT-symmetric ring.

Main Results:

• Four distinct types of arc-shaped solitons were identified.
• Existence domains for multi-spot solitons are comparable to fundamental solitons.
• Soliton stability is linked to power flow, especially at PT symmetry boundaries.

Conclusions:

• Arc-shaped solitons exist and exhibit diverse stability characteristics in PT-symmetric rings.
• Gain and loss strength significantly influence the existence domains of these solitons.
• Robust nonlinear states can be excited, offering new insights into optical soliton dynamics.