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Related Concept Videos

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Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, except for hydrogen, neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element.
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera
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Advances in Nuclear Radiation Sensing: Enabling 3-D Gamma-Ray Vision.

Kai Vetter1, Ross Barnowski2, Joshua W Cates3

  • 1Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. kvetter@berkeley.edu.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New 3-D Scene-data fusion technology allows real-time visualization of nuclear radiation. This innovation enhances the detection and mapping of radioactive materials for improved safety and public communication.

Keywords:
3-D nuclear sensingSLAMgamma cameragamma-ray imaginggamma-ray visionnuclear radiation mappingrange-findingscene data fusionunmanned systems

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear physics and instrumentation
  • Radiation detection and imaging
  • Data fusion technologies

Background:

  • Advances in sensing and data processing enable novel nuclear radiation detection methods.
  • Current methods often lack real-time, 3-D visualization capabilities for nuclear radiation.
  • Public concern exists regarding the inability to visualize nuclear radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate the three-dimensional (3-D) Scene-data fusion concept for nuclear radiation.
  • To enable real-time, radionuclide-specific visualization of nuclear radiation in 3-D.
  • To enhance the detection, mapping, and communication of radiological and nuclear materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multi-sensor instrument capable of mapping local scenes and fusing scene data with nuclear radiation data in 3-D.
  • Employed the concept on various platforms, including unmanned and manned aerial and ground-based systems.
  • Tested the system in diverse locations such as Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, and Chernobyl, Ukraine.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated the 3-D Scene-data fusion concept in multiple configurations and environments.
  • Achieved real-time, 3-D visualization of nuclear radiation, specific to radionuclides.
  • Validated the system's effectiveness for detecting and mapping radiological and nuclear materials.

Conclusions:

  • 3-D Scene-data fusion offers unprecedented capabilities for nuclear radiation detection, mapping, and visualization.
  • The technology is platform-agnostic and applicable to various radiation detection modalities.
  • This advancement is critical for the safe operation of nuclear facilities, emergency response, and public communication regarding radiation.