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Criticality between Cortical States.

Antonio J Fontenele1, Nivaldo A P de Vasconcelos1,2,3,4, Thaís Feliciano1

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The brain operates near a critical state, identified by intermediate spiking variability. This critical point governs neuronal avalanche dynamics and brain function across different states.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • The critical brain hypothesis suggests neural systems operate at a critical phase transition for optimal information processing.
  • The cerebral cortex exhibits diverse operational regimes, from highly synchronous to desynchronized states, characterized by varying spiking variability.
  • Identifying the specific phase transition associated with brain criticality has remained an open question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the phase transition associated with criticality in the brain.
  • To investigate the relationship between spiking variability and neuronal avalanche dynamics.
  • To determine if brain criticality exhibits universal properties and to model its behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of new and publicly available electrophysiological data from anesthetized and freely moving animals.
  • Testing independent signatures of criticality, including avalanche exponents.
  • Comparison of experimental results with a computational model.

Main Results:

  • A phase transition occurs at an intermediate level of spiking variability, distinct from highly synchronous or desynchronized states.
  • Critical exponents suggest a universality class different from mean-field directed percolation.
  • Neuronal avalanche exponents exhibit a linear relationship around the critical point, consistent across different experimental setups and reproducible by a model.

Conclusions:

  • Spiking variability serves as a key indicator of a critical phase transition in the brain.
  • The brain's critical state is characterized by specific avalanche dynamics and a unique universality class.
  • Understanding this critical point is crucial for comprehending brain function and information processing.