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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Rotation of Asymmetric Top

Rotation of Asymmetric Top

By definition, a spherically symmetric body has the same moment of inertia about any axis passing through its center of mass. This situation changes if there is no spherical symmetry. Since most rigid bodies are not spherically symmetric, these require special treatment.
The relationship between the angular momentum of any rigid body and its angular velocity, both of which are vectors, involves the moment of inertia. The moment of inertia is a scalar quantity only for spherically symmetric...

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs

Published on: January 17, 2020

Asymmetric Catalysis Using Chiral Salen-Metal Complexes: Recent Advances.

Subrata Shaw¹, James D White²

¹Center for the Development of Therapeutics , Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , 415 Main Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States.

Chemical Reviews

|June 12, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral salen-metal complexes are versatile catalysts for asymmetric synthesis, inducing high stereoinduction in various chemical reactions. This review highlights their developments and applications in organic synthesis over the past two decades.

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Area of Science:

Catalysis and Organic Synthesis
Materials Chemistry

Background:

Chiral salen-metal complexes are highly versatile asymmetric catalysts.
They are utilized in diverse fields including materials chemistry and organic synthesis.
These complexes can induce chirality with high stereoinduction in reaction products.

Purpose of the Study:

To review developments in chiral salen-metal catalysis over the last two decades.
To emphasize applications of importance in asymmetric synthesis.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on chiral salen-metal complexes.
Focus on catalytic applications in asymmetric synthesis.

Main Results:

Salen ligands offer tunable steric and electronic properties.
Coordination with various metals results in broad utility.
Significant advancements in chiral salen-metal catalysis have been made.

Conclusions:

Chiral salen-metal complexes are crucial for asymmetric catalysis.
Their tunable nature and broad metal coordination enhance their utility.
Continued development promises further applications in organic synthesis.