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A Temporal Study on Learning and Memory at High Altitude in Two Ethnic Groups.

Koushik Ray1, Krishna Kishore1, Praveen Vats1

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High-altitude exposure impairs cognitive function. Indian soldiers acclimatized faster than Kyrgyz soldiers, showing distinct cognitive recovery patterns, possibly due to ethnogenetic differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Altitude physiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human adaptation

Background:

  • High-altitude (HA) exposure can impair cognitive function, affecting mental processing speed.
  • Understanding ethnic variations in cognitive response to HA is crucial for adaptation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cognitive function changes in Indian and Kyrgyz soldiers during HA exposure.
  • To investigate the acclimatization timelines and recovery patterns between two ethnic groups at 4111m.

Main Methods:

  • Cognitive tests including paired associate learning, pattern recognition memory, spatial span (SSP), spatial working memory (SWM), choice reaction time (CRT), and simple reaction time (SRT) were administered.
  • 20 Indian and 20 Kyrgyz soldiers were assessed at sea level, during 21 days at HA (4111m), and on day 3 of deinduction.

Main Results:

  • All cognitive parameters were significantly affected by HA exposure in both groups.
  • Indian soldiers showed acclimatization by day 7, with cognitive function improving by day 14 and nearing baseline by day 21.
  • Kyrgyz soldiers required 21 days for acclimatization, exhibiting slower cognitive impairment initially but prolonged deficits in SWM, CRT, and SRT throughout the HA stay and post-deinduction.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive performance differences between Indian and Kyrgyz soldiers at HA suggest ethnogenetic factors influence adaptation.
  • Kyrgyz soldiers demonstrated a slower and less complete cognitive recovery compared to Indian soldiers after HA exposure.