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Related Concept Videos

First Pass Effect01:12

First Pass Effect

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Presystemic elimination, or the first-pass effect, is the metabolism of drugs that reduces their effective concentration at the site of action. Apart from the first-pass effect, the systemic bioavailability of the drug is also reduced by other factors, including incomplete absorption or chemical degradation of drugs.
Depending on the route of administration, drugs can be metabolized in the liver, intestine, lungs, and vasculature. Orally administered drugs are first absorbed through the...
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Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins01:25

Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins

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Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
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Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination01:23

Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination

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When a drug is taken orally, it undergoes a journey starting from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, passing through the portal vein, reaching the liver, and finally entering the systemic circulation. This process involves the absorption of the drug across the GI tract. The liver is the primary site for metabolizing the drug, with some metabolism also occurring in the gut wall. This journey significantly reduces the quantity of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation, a phenomenon known as...
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Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:26

Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

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Integral membrane proteins are proteins adhered to the lipid bilayer of a cell organelle or membrane. They can be of two types: transmembrane integral proteins that span the lipid bilayer and monotopic proteins that are attached to either side of the membrane but do not pass through it.
Integral transmembrane proteins possess transmembrane and extra membrane domains. The transmembrane domains are primarily made of 20-25 hydrophobic amino acids arranged in a helical secondary confirmation. These...
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Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:29

Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

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The rough ER membrane synthesizes, assembles, and embeds transmembrane proteins in diverse topologies. These proteins function as transporters or channels and can remain in the ER membrane or are sent to the Golgi complex, lysosome, and cell membrane.
The multipass transmembrane proteins are the type IV integral membrane proteins with multiple topogenic sequences determining their spatial arrangement in the ER membrane. Nearly all multipass proteins lack a cleavable signal sequence and use...
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Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

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In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as...
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In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells
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I-PASS Adherence and Implications for Future Handoff Training.

Helen K Hughes, Janet R Serwint, Jennifer K O'Toole

    Journal of Graduate Medical Education
    |June 19, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pediatric residents perceive the I-PASS handoff program as effective, but many do not use it consistently when not observed due to time constraints and patient familiarity. Adherence to the I-PASS handoff program varies significantly in unsupervised settings.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Education
    • Patient Safety
    • Healthcare Communication

    Background:

    • Formal handoff processes like the I-PASS program can enhance patient communication among residents.
    • Faculty observation is the primary method for assessing I-PASS adherence, with limited data on resident use during unobserved handoffs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the frequency of I-PASS (Illness, Patient, Ако, Safety, Therapeutics, целі) utilization by pediatric residents during unobserved patient handoffs.

    Main Methods:

    • Anonymous surveys were administered to pediatric residents in December 2016 and June 2017.
    • Surveys assessed perceived effectiveness of I-PASS, frequency of use when unobserved, co-residents' use, and factors influencing adherence.

    Main Results:

    • A majority of residents found I-PASS effective for patient safety.
    • In both surveys, only 12-13% of residents reported using I-PASS more than 75% of the time when unobserved.
    • Key barriers to I-PASS use included time constraints, prior patient knowledge, and low patient complexity.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite recognizing I-PASS's value, residents frequently omit elements when not under direct observation.
    • Time, familiarity with patients, and patient complexity are significant barriers to consistent I-PASS implementation in unobserved resident handoffs.