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Spatial navigation ability and gaze switching in older drivers: A driving simulator study.
Masafumi Kunishige1, Hiroshi Fukuda2, Tadayuki Iida3
1Division of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy : HKJOT
|June 21, 2019
Summary
Older drivers exhibit impaired spatial navigation and eye movement control, leading to slower responses. Driving simulation may improve driving skills for the elderly.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Human Factors Engineering
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Driving ability in older adults declines due to age-related deficits in motor, cognitive, and visual functions.
- Assessing these functions is crucial for maintaining independent mobility and road safety in aging populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare perceptual and cognitive skills, as well as driving behavior, between older and younger adults in a Japanese population.
- To investigate the relationship between spatial navigation, eye movements, and driving performance.
Main Methods:
- A driving simulator task was used, including lane changes and intersection turns.
- Participants included 34 older and 20 younger adults.
- Evaluated visual recognition (BJLO), spatial navigation (CPT A & B), visual perception (RCPM), and driving ability (SDSA), alongside eye movements using an eye tracker.
Main Results:
- Older adults performed significantly worse on visual recognition, spatial navigation, and visual perception tests.
- Significant differences were observed in saccade switching, distance per saccade, and total saccade distance between age groups.
- A correlation was found between gaze time and spatial navigation scores, with older drivers exhibiting longer gaze times and an association between age and gaze at the right door mirror.
Conclusions:
- Older drivers demonstrate poorer eye movement control and spatial navigation abilities.
- These deficits can lead to delayed responses and challenges in anticipating the driving environment.
- Driving simulation offers a potential tool for enhancing the driving capabilities of older adults.
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