Copper and copper nanoparticles toxicity and their impact on basic functions in the body

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry and Environmental Health

Background:

• Copper is a vital biogenic metal essential for numerous biological processes across all life forms.
• While copper deficiency is problematic, excessive intake or exposure, particularly to copper nanoparticles, can lead to toxicity.
• Copper's role in biological systems and its potential toxic effects are critical areas of study.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and discuss current knowledge on copper and copper nanoparticle toxicity.
• To explore the involvement of copper in various pathological processes, including neurodegenerative diseases.
• To highlight the health implications of both copper deficiency and toxicity.

Main Methods:

• Literature survey and critical discussion of existing research on copper toxicity.
• Analysis of the impact of copper nanoparticles on human health.
• Examination of the link between copper dysregulation and diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Main Results:

• Excessive copper intake and copper nanoparticles pose significant health risks, including toxicity.
• Copper toxicity is implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.
• Conditions such as Wilson and Menke diseases exemplify copper intolerance.

Conclusions:

• Understanding copper homeostasis is crucial due to its dual role as an essential nutrient and a potential toxin.
• Further research into copper nanoparticle toxicity is warranted due to their emerging health concerns.
• Copper dysregulation is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of several debilitating diseases.