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An Alternative In Vitro Method for Examining Nanoparticle-Induced Cytotoxicity
Qiang Gu1, Elvis Cuevas1, Syed F Ali1
1Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, USA.
International Journal of Toxicology
|June 26, 2019
Summary
This study introduces Fluoro-Jade C (FJ-C) as a novel in vitro assay for nanoparticle (NP) cytotoxicity. FJ-C offers a reliable alternative to conventional assays, accurately assessing NP toxicity in various cell types.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology
- Toxicology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Conventional in vitro assays for nanoparticle (NP) toxicity can yield inaccurate results due to NP interference.
- There is a need for reliable alternative methods to assess NP-induced cytotoxicity.
- Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used, necessitating robust safety evaluations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and validate Fluoro-Jade C (FJ-C) as a novel in vitro assay for assessing NP-induced cytotoxicity.
- To compare the efficacy of FJ-C with conventional assays like XTT and LDH.
- To investigate the specific contribution of Ag-NPs versus Ag-ions to cytotoxicity.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Fluoro-Jade C (FJ-C) labeling for in vitro cytotoxicity assessment.
- Tested silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) in rat brain microvessel endothelial cells, mouse neural stem cells, and SH-SY5Y cells.
- Conducted parallel assays using conventional XTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) methods for comparison.
Main Results:
- FJ-C labeling demonstrated effectiveness as a tool for in vitro NP cytotoxicity assessment.
- Removal of Ag-NPs, while retaining released Ag-ions, abolished measured cytotoxicity, indicating Ag-NPs as the primary toxic agent.
- N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) co-treatment with Ag-NPs prevented cytotoxicity, suggesting a protective role for NAC.
Conclusions:
- Fluoro-Jade C (FJ-C) is a suitable alternative assay for evaluating nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity in vitro.
- Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), not their released ions, are responsible for the observed cytotoxicity.
- N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) may offer protection against silver nanoparticle toxicity.
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