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Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

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To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Plant Sample Preparation for Nucleoside/Nucleotide Content Measurement with An HPLC-MS/MS
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Sample Preparation Focusing on Plant Omics.

Rodrigo Moretto Galazzi1, Jemmyson Romário de Jesus1, Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda2

  • 1Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sample preparation is crucial for reliable omics data in plant science. This chapter details various strategies and techniques for genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, ensuring accurate results.

Keywords:
DecompositionExtractionIonomicsMetabolomicsMetallomicsProteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Omics technologies (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics) are increasingly impactful across scientific fields.
  • Complex biological samples, particularly in plant science, necessitate meticulous handling.
  • The reliability of omics data is fundamentally dependent on the quality of sample preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of sample preparation in plant omics studies.
  • To review diverse applications and methodologies in sample preparation for plant genomics, (metallo)proteomics, and metabolomics.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of techniques and procedures for optimizing plant sample preparation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of sample preparation strategies for plant omics.
  • Discussion of various techniques including extraction, purification, and fractionation.
  • Categorization of methods based on omics discipline (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics).

Main Results:

  • Sample preparation significantly influences the depth and accuracy of omics data.
  • A wide array of techniques exists, each with specific applications and limitations.
  • Effective sample preparation is essential for overcoming challenges posed by complex plant matrices.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized sample preparation is indispensable for robust and reproducible plant omics research.
  • Understanding and applying appropriate techniques ensures the integrity of genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data.
  • This chapter serves as a guide to selecting and implementing effective sample preparation strategies in plant science.