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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

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The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
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Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

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The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

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The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Reduction in Left Ventricular Wall Stress and Improvement in Function in Failing Hearts using Algisyl-LVR
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Reduction in Left Ventricular Wall Stress and Improvement in Function in Failing Hearts using Algisyl-LVR

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Right Ventricular Involution: Big Changes in Small Hearts.

Megan E Bowen1, Craig H Selzman1, Stephen H McKellar1

  • 1University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, Utah.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|June 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The fetal right ventricle (RV) is a model of compensated hypertrophy. Understanding its adaptation to pulmonary circulation may reveal new therapies for RV failure.

Keywords:
Heart remodelingNeonatal cardiac developmentPostnatal cardiac developmentRight ventricular involutionRight ventricular remodeling

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The fetal right ventricle (RV) functions as the systemic pump, with thickness comparable to the left ventricle (LV).
  • Postnatally, the RV adapts to the lower-pressure pulmonary circulation, elongating without significant wall thickening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fetal RV as a model of compensated RV hypertrophy.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies for RV failure by understanding RV adaptation processes.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
  • Pertinent articles published from 1980 to the present were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Key topics in right ventricular involution include morphologic and histologic changes.
  • Cellular proliferation, terminal differentiation, stress effects, excitation-contraction coupling, and apoptosis during RV development were identified.
  • Literature shows variability in results, often due to differences in animal models.

Conclusions:

  • The RV undergoes significant multi-level changes transitioning from systemic to pulmonary circulation.
  • Despite variable findings, a clear need for further research in RV adaptation is evident.