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Quantitative analysis of liquid crystal-based immunoassay using rectangular capillaries as sensing platform.

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    This study introduces a novel, real-time liquid crystal (LC)-based immunoassay using capillaries for faster, user-friendly detection of biomarkers like anti-human serum albumin (anti-HSA). The method offers a convenient, portable alternative for point-of-care diagnostics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Traditional liquid crystal (LC)-based immunoassays require complex fabrication and are not real-time.
    • Existing methods necessitate trained personnel, limiting accessibility and speed.
    • There is a need for simplified, rapid, and portable immunoassay platforms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel, real-time LC-based immunoassay utilizing rectangular capillaries.
    • To simplify the immunoassay procedure, making it more user-friendly and suitable for point-of-care applications.
    • To demonstrate the detection of specific biomarkers, such as anti-human serum albumin (anti-HSA).

    Main Methods:

    • Rectangular capillaries were functionalized with dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (DMOAP) and human serum albumin (HSA) as the probe.
    • The interaction of anti-HSA with immobilized HSA caused a disruption in LC orientation, observed as a dark-to-bright transition.
    • Quantification was achieved by measuring the length of the bright LC image within the capillary.

    Main Results:

    • The developed immunoassay achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 μg/mL for anti-HSA.
    • The assay demonstrated specificity, showing no response to HSA or anti-human immunoglobulin G (anti-h-IgG).
    • The assay was adaptable for HSA detection by immobilizing anti-HSA.

    Conclusions:

    • The capillary-based LC immunoassay offers a simplified, real-time, and convenient alternative to traditional methods.
    • The visual detection and smartphone compatibility make it ideal for portable and point-of-care diagnostics.
    • This approach enhances user-friendliness and data reliability, paving the way for broader diagnostic applications.