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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Endocrine System
Dana Zaid1, Yona Greenman1,2
1Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul, Korea)
|July 2, 2019
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can cause endocrine problems, impacting quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment of these endocrine complications are crucial for managing chronic HIV.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is now a chronic condition due to effective antiretroviral therapies (ARTs).
- HIV-infected individuals face long-term health challenges, including endocrine complications specific to the infection and its treatment.
- These endocrine issues can significantly affect patient quality of life, increasing morbidity and mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of common endocrine complications in HIV-infected patients.
- To outline diagnostic strategies for identifying these endocrine disorders.
- To propose therapeutic approaches for managing endocrine dysfunction in the context of HIV.
Main Methods:
- This is a review article, synthesizing existing knowledge on HIV-related endocrine complications.
- It examines the impact of HIV infection and ARTs on various endocrine axes.
- Literature review focusing on prevalence, diagnosis, and management strategies.
Main Results:
- HIV can affect multiple endocrine systems, leading to adrenal and gonadal dysfunction.
- Common complications include osteoporosis, increasing fracture risk, and dyslipidemia, elevating cardiovascular risk.
- Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs), while life-extending, can also contribute to endocrine dysfunction.
Conclusions:
- Endocrine abnormalities are prevalent in HIV-infected patients and can be life-threatening.
- Physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for diagnosing endocrine issues in this population.
- Standard endocrine evaluation, prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies are recommended for HIV patients.
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