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Updated: Jan 22, 2026
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Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Perinatal HIV Transmission: Missed Opportunities and Proposed Solutions
Hadeel Shihan1, Samantha Arsenault2, Elizabeth Secord2
1Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI.
Neoreviews
|July 2, 2019
Summary
Significant progress has been made in preventing mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Key interventions have reduced transmission rates to less than 1%, though opportunities remain to further minimize risks.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
- Virology
Background:
- Perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) posed a significant public health challenge.
- Historically, transmission rates from infected mothers to their children were as high as 25%.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the advancements in the elimination of perinatal HIV.
- To identify strategies that have successfully reduced mother-to-child HIV transmission.
- To highlight remaining challenges and opportunities for further reduction.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical data on perinatal HIV transmission rates.
- Analysis of key public health interventions and medical treatments.
- Correlation analysis between viral load and transmission risk.
Main Results:
- Transmission rates in resource-rich settings have decreased to below 1% since the 1980s.
- Routine HIV testing during pregnancy is a cornerstone of prevention.
- Multidrug antiretroviral therapy for pregnant individuals has proven highly effective.
- Understanding the correlation between HIV viral load and transmission risk has guided treatment protocols.
Conclusions:
- The elimination of perinatal HIV transmission is achievable through comprehensive public health strategies.
- Continued vigilance and addressing missed opportunities are crucial for further minimizing transmission.
- Sustained efforts in testing, treatment, and viral load management are vital for global HIV elimination.
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