Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026

08:24
Conventional and Threshold-Tracking Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Tests for Single-handed Operation
Published on: August 16, 2021
6.5K
Mobile Application for Adaptive Threshold Hunting in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Summary
A new Android application simplifies determining the motor threshold (MT) for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). This validated tool precisely measures MTs, enhancing accessibility for researchers and clinicians.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is increasingly used, with motor threshold (MT) determination crucial for measuring corticospinal excitability.
- Current methods for MT assessment often rely on system-integrated tools or separate software, posing space and accessibility challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and validate a free Android-based mobile application, "ATH-tool", for adaptive threshold hunting of the MT.
- To provide a simple, validated, and shareable tool for recording MTs.
Main Methods:
- Computational validation using known true threshold values.
- Comparison with the Motor Threshold Assessment Tool 2.0.
- Simulation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) using previously published data from 15 healthy subjects.
Main Results:
- The ATH-tool demonstrated high precision in capturing true MT values (error ≤ 0.9%).
- Excellent agreement was observed between the ATH-tool and the Motor Threshold Assessment Tool 2.0 (ICC ≥ 0.971).
- No significant differences in MT determination were found between the methods (p ≥ 0.151).
Conclusions:
- The novel mobile application offers a precise and reliable method for MT determination.
- The ATH-tool enhances the ease of use and accessibility of MT measurements for TMS research and clinical practice.
Related Concept Videos
Colors and Magnetism
14.0K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
14.0K
Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments
5.7K
The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
5.7K
Natural Selection and Adaptation
1.3K
Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
Beyond physical adaptations,...
1.3K
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity
9.0K
The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
9.0K
Magnetism
8.4K
Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
8.4K
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
28.0K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
28.0K

