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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
Published on: August 22, 2022
Bilateral bifid condyles: A rare etiology of temporomandibular joint disorders
Jérémie Bettoni1,2, Matthieu Olivetto1,2, Jebrane Bouaoud1,3
1Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France.
Abstract:
Background: Bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is a rare etiology of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders characterized by a duplication of the head of the mandibular condyle.Case report: The authors report the case of a 20-year-old patient complaining of a painful and clicking TMJ and mandibular hypomobility, which had been progressing for several months. Radiological investigations (dental panoramic radiograph and X-ray CT scan) revealed right and left abnormalities of the TMJ due to bilateral BMC requiring surgical management.Conclusion: Despite a prevalence of 0.31% to 1.82% and the controversies surrounding its pathophysiology, maxillofacial surgeons should be aware of BMC to avoid misdiagnosis related to the clinical presentation (pain, clicking, hypomobility, or ankylosis) and provide adequate management.
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