Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...

What is the Immune System?

What is the Immune System?

Humoral Immune Responses

Humoral Immune Responses

Toxic Reactions: Overview

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cancer CARE (Connected Access and Remote Expertise) Beyond Walls - Safety, Feasibility, and Patient Experience of Home-Based Chemotherapy.

NEJM catalyst innovations in care delivery·2026

Same author

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis: A Retrospective Case Series.

Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne·2026

Same author

Sex and tumor location outcomes in Merkel cell carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study utilizing Mayo Clinic Platform.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·2026

Same author

Immunotherapy and Radiation for Clinical Perineural Invasion in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Cancers·2025

Same author

Outcomes with frontline immune checkpoint inhibitors among individuals with <i>BRAF</i>-mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

Frontiers in oncology·2025

Same author

Multicellular immune ecotypes within solid tumors predict real-world therapeutic benefits with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Nature communications·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using Xenopus Egg Extracts

Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using Xenopus Egg Extracts

Published on: November 5, 2012

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicities.

Julian A Marin-Acevedo¹, Razvan M Chirila¹, Roxana S Dronca²

¹Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

|July 6, 2019

Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitors boost anti-tumor immunity but can cause immune-related adverse events. Early recognition and management are crucial for patient safety and continued cancer treatment.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using Xenopus Egg Extracts

Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using Xenopus Egg Extracts

Published on: November 5, 2012

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology

Background:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer therapy.
Their use has expanded across multiple advanced cancer types.
ICIs activate the immune system to target tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with ICIs.
To familiarize clinicians with irAEs for increased ICI use.
To guide management of ICI-induced toxicities.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on ICI-related toxicities.
Discussion of irAE presentation, diagnosis, and management.
Emphasis on clinical recognition and differential diagnosis.

Main Results:

ICIs can cause autoimmune-like toxicities (irAEs) affecting any organ.
Skin and colon are most frequently involved.
Diagnosis often involves excluding other causes; corticosteroids are primary treatment.

Conclusions:

irAEs are a significant consideration in ICI therapy.
Management requires prompt diagnosis and appropriate immunosuppression.
Balancing immunotherapy efficacy with toxicity management is key.