Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

14.0K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
14.0K
Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

8.4K
Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
8.4K
Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

873
Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
873
Magnetic Flux01:18

Magnetic Flux

4.5K
The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given surface area. The SI unit for magnetic flux is the weber (Wb). Magnetic flux is a scalar quantity. It depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field B, the area through which the field lines pass, and the relative orientation of the field with the surface area.
Suppose a surface is divided into elements of area dA. For each element, the component of the magnetic field that is normal to the...
4.5K
Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

1.1K
Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
1.1K
Magnetic Declination01:19

Magnetic Declination

421
Magnetic declination is the angle between true north, which aligns with the Earth's rotational axis, and magnetic north, which follows the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. This discrepancy exists because the magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographic poles. The value of magnetic declination depends on the observer's location on Earth and is subject to changes over time due to the dynamic nature of the Earth's magnetic field.The declination is called eastern when magnetic north...
421

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

DN4 Is Not a Screening Tool for Small Fiber Neuropathy: An Expected Result.

European journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Case Report: a novel <i>PNPLA2</i> homozygous frameshift variant causing severe neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM) in a Moroccan patient.

Frontiers in genetics·2026
Same author

Evaluation of the usability of the spinal cord stimulator recharging procedure in the treatment of neuropathic pain. A quantitative and qualitative study.

Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

The intrinsic reason why it is relevant to introduce the concept of "small fiber neuralgia" into the taxonomy of pain disorders.

Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Home use of low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation in clinical practice: an IFCN handbook chapter.

Clinical neurophysiology practice·2026
Same author

A Standardized Protocol for Functional Motor Mapping Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same journal

Preface.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Foreword.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Fundus autofluorescence imaging.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

The electroretinogram as a means to study the physiology of the retina.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Modeling the human retina in a dish: Advances and future directions.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
12:09

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: June 14, 2014

19.7K

Transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur1

  • 1Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil, Créteil, France; Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|July 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, focusing on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS aids in diagnosing neurological conditions and offers therapeutic potential for disorders like depression and chronic pain.

Keywords:
Cortical excitabilityCortical mappingCortical plasticityDiagnosisMotor evoked potentialsNeuronavigationTherapeutic applicationTranscranial direct current stimulationTranscranial electrical stimulationTranscranial magnetic stimulation

More Related Videos

Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
12:19

Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System

Published on: January 20, 2012

27.5K
Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
11:11

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: September 23, 2017

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
12:09

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: June 14, 2014

19.7K
Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
12:19

Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System

Published on: January 20, 2012

27.5K
Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
11:11

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: September 23, 2017

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Noninvasive cortical stimulation techniques, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), are increasingly utilized in clinical practice.
  • TMS offers versatile applications for both diagnosing neurological disorders and developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neurophysiologic principles underlying TMS and related noninvasive cortical stimulation methods.
  • To elucidate the diagnostic and therapeutic clinical applications of TMS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TMS principles and applications.
  • Discussion of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) for assessing corticospinal function.
  • Explanation of paired-pulse TMS paradigms for evaluating intracortical excitability and plasticity.
  • Overview of repetitive TMS (rTMS) protocols and their effects on neuronal networks.

Main Results:

  • TMS, particularly MEP recording, is valuable for diagnosing corticospinal tract disorders and functional mapping of the motor cortex.
  • Paired-pulse TMS effectively assesses the balance of intracortical inhibition and excitation, reflecting GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission.
  • Repetitive TMS (rTMS) can modulate neuronal activity, offering therapeutic benefits for conditions such as depression and chronic pain.

Conclusions:

  • TMS is a powerful tool for both neurophysiological assessment and therapeutic intervention.
  • The ability of TMS to probe and modify brain circuits highlights its significant potential in clinical neurology and psychiatry.