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Hospital-acquired Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections in children

Marta Kłos1, Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland.

Developmental Period Medicine
|July 8, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Newborns face the highest risk of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI), particularly those with risk factors like prematurity. This study highlights the concerning rise of multi-drug resistant strains in pediatric HA-BSI.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Newborns are most vulnerable to hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI).
  • Risk factors include low birth weight, immaturity, and invasive medical procedures.
  • Sepsis in newborns is difficult to diagnose due to non-specific symptoms, leading to high mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the etiology, incidence, and drug resistance of HA-BSI in high-risk children.
  • To identify key risk factors contributing to HA-BSI in pediatric populations.
  • To assess the prevalence of multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains causing HA-BSI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PubMed, UNICEF, and WHO reports from 2002-2017.
  • Focused on newborns and children under 18 with bloodstream infections (BSI).
  • Included studies on Enterobacteriaceae HA-BSI and invasive medical procedures.

Main Results:

  • Age and medical procedures were identified as primary risk factors for HA-BSI.
  • Enterobacteriaceae were a significant cause of HA-BSI in the studied pediatric population.
  • High prevalence of multi-drug resistant strains, including Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) and Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), was observed.

Conclusions:

  • HA-BSI poses a significant threat to high-risk newborns and children.
  • The emergence of ESBL and CRE strains is a critical concern in pediatric HA-BSI.
  • Effective strategies are needed to combat antimicrobial resistance in hospital-acquired infections.

Keywords:
drug resistanceincidenceBSIrisk factors

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