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Related Concept Videos

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Bacterial Transformation01:33

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In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
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G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

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G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Assessing Intertidal Populations of the Invasive European Green Crab
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Modelling the functioning of a coupled microphytobenthic-EPS-bacterial system in intertidal mudflats.

C Rakotomalala1, K Guizien2, K Grangeré1

  • 1Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, France.

Marine Environmental Research
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study models microphytobenthos (MPB) interactions with nutrients and bacteria in tidal systems. Findings show carbon and nitrogen ratios drive MPB vertical migration, crucial for benthic ecosystem functioning.

Keywords:
Biogeochemical modelCarbon and nitrogen ratioMicrophytobenthosMigration

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Area of Science:

  • Marine ecology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Microbial ecology

Background:

  • Microphytobenthos (MPB) are key primary producers in intertidal zones.
  • Their vertical migration in sediments influences nutrient cycling and ecosystem dynamics.
  • Understanding MPB interactions with nutrients and bacteria is vital for tidal system management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mechanistic and biogeochemical model of MPB, bacteria, and nutrient interactions in tidal systems.
  • To investigate the drivers of MPB vertical migration, including exogenous and endogenous factors.
  • To simulate MPB growth phases and the impact of nutrient availability.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mechanistic and biogeochemical model integrating MPB, bacteria, and nutrient dynamics.
  • Formulated MPB behavioral vertical migration influenced by tide, light, carbon, and nitrogen.
  • Included Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) secretion during photosynthesis and migration.

Main Results:

  • Model simulations closely matched observed MPB dynamics, supporting carbon and nitrogen ratios as key migration drivers.
  • The model accurately reproduced MPB lag, logarithmic, and plateau growth phases in mesocosm experiments.
  • Nutrient availability, potentially enhanced by bioturbation, significantly impacted MPB biomass and development, with depletion causing the plateau phase.

Conclusions:

  • Carbon and nitrogen ratios are critical factors in the vertical migration of diatoms within sediments.
  • Nutrient availability is a significant determinant of MPB biomass and overall benthic system functioning.
  • The model provides valuable insights into benthic ecosystem processes, despite areas for future refinement in EPS and bacterial dynamics.