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Body Fluid Compartments, Cell Membrane Ion Transport, Electrolyte Concentrations, and Acid-Base Balance.
1Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
Seminars in Nephrology
|July 14, 2019
Summary
Acid-base balance is crucial for health, involving complex intracellular and extracellular processes. This review explores ion transport
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Extracellular fluid measurements are key for diagnosing acid-base disorders.
- Intracellular events significantly influence the metabolic impact of these disorders.
- Acid-base balance within intracellular and interstitial compartments is complex and tissue-specific.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review extracellular pH determination concerning ion transport at cell-interstitial fluid interfaces.
- To examine ion transport's role in generating acid-base and electrolyte disorders.
- To propose a pH regulation model analogous to potassium balance.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on ion transport mechanisms.
- Analysis of epithelial cell function in gastrointestinal and urinary tracts.
- Examination of electrolyte electroneutrality and anion/bicarbonate exchange.
Main Results:
- Ion transport processes are central to extracellular pH regulation and acid-base disorders.
- Secretory epithelia in the gut and kidneys play vital roles in pH homeostasis and disease.
- Disruptions in normal transport mechanisms, including organic anion transport, lead to acid-base disturbances.
Conclusions:
- pH regulation involves internal and external balance mechanisms, similar to potassium homeostasis.
- Understanding the genomic basis of ion transporters may lead to targeted therapies for acid-base disorders.
- Abnormalities in normally protective cellular mechanisms can precipitate disease states.
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