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[Allergic respiratory diseases related to mould in the home]

A Schaller1, C Delmas1, F De Blay2

  • 1Pôle de pathologie thoracique, service de pneumologie, Nouvel hôpital civil, 1, place de l'hôpital, 67094 Strasbourg cedex, France.

Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires
|July 16, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Mould exposure is a significant risk factor for childhood asthma and can cause severe asthma in adults. Moulds trigger immune responses and toxic effects, contributing to respiratory symptoms beyond allergies.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Mould exposure is linked to asthma development and exacerbation in children and adults.
  • Specific mould sensitization, like to Alternaria, is associated with severe asthma in adults.
  • Childhood mould exposure is a risk factor for asthma in both atopic and non-atopic children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between mould exposure and asthma in different age groups.
  • To understand the immunological and toxicological mechanisms underlying mould-induced respiratory issues.
  • To clarify the role of mould sensitization in severe asthma phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on mould exposure and asthma.
  • Analysis of immunological responses (innate and acquired immunity, Th2 inflammation) to moulds.
  • Consideration of non-allergic (toxic) mechanisms of mould effects on the respiratory system.

Main Results:

  • A causal link between mould exposure and asthma is evident, particularly in children.
  • Mould sensitization is a risk factor for severe asthma and exacerbations in children.
  • In adults, mould-sensitized asthma presents as a severe phenotype with significant obstructive lung disease.

Conclusions:

  • Moulds are a significant risk factor for asthma, especially in children, with a likely causal relationship.
  • Both immunological and toxic mechanisms contribute to mould-related respiratory symptoms, not solely allergic responses.
  • Further research into non-allergic pathways is warranted to fully understand mould's impact on respiratory health.
Keywords:
Allergic exposureAsthmaAsthmeAtopieAtopyExposition allergéniqueMoisissuresMouldsSensibilisationSensitization

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