Diagnosis and management of traumatic bilateral chylothorax: a clinical conundrum

A 35-year-old man was admitted in the emergency department with a complaint of progressive dyspnoea and 4-day prior history of a road traffic accident. An initial evaluation was inconspicuous and he was discharged. Clinical examination and radiological imaging suggested bilateral pleural effusion for which bilateral intercostal drains were inserted. Further pleural fluid analysis aided the diagnosis of bilateral chylothorax. A conservative approach consisting of a fat-free diet, total parenteral nutrition and octreotide therapy was started. Upon failure of conservative management, thoracic duct ligation by thoracotomy was done. Chylous output decreased dramatically and subsequently, and the patient was discharged in a healthy condition. This case illustrates intricacies involved in the diagnosis and management of traumatic chylothorax. Also, conservative treatment forms the first line of management, but if ineffective, then early surgical intervention should be considered. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are keystone factors for a better outcome.