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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Testes: Histology01:27

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A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education
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Advances in HER2 testing.

Yun Chen1, Liang Liu1, Ronghua Ni1

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry
|July 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

HER2-positive breast cancer requires accurate testing for effective treatment. This overview highlights established and novel methods for detecting HER2 positivity, crucial for guiding therapy decisions.

Keywords:
Breast cancerFISHGeneHER2 testingIHCMethods in developmentProtein

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Building Up a High-throughput Screening Platform to Assess the Heterogeneity of HER2 Gene Amplification in Breast Cancers
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Building Up a High-throughput Screening Platform to Assess the Heterogeneity of HER2 Gene Amplification in Breast Cancers

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Detection
  • Cancer Diagnostics

Background:

  • HER2-positive breast cancer is an aggressive subtype requiring precise diagnostic methods.
  • Accurate HER2 status is critical for selecting appropriate targeted therapies.
  • Current FDA-approved tests include immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of HER2 testing methodologies.
  • To emphasize recent advancements and novel approaches in HER2 detection.
  • To inform clinicians and researchers about the evolving landscape of HER2 diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established methods: IHC for protein expression and ISH for gene amplification.
  • Exploration of novel techniques and emerging technologies for HER2 testing.
  • Comparative analysis of different HER2 detection strategies.

Main Results:

  • Established methods (IHC, ISH) remain foundational for HER2 testing.
  • Novel methods offer potential for improved accuracy, efficiency, or accessibility.
  • The field of HER2 testing is continuously evolving with new technological developments.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate HER2 testing is paramount for personalized treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer.
  • Understanding both traditional and novel testing methods is essential for optimal patient care.
  • Continued research and development in HER2 diagnostics are expected to further refine treatment strategies.