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Active pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with acute respiratory failure

Satish Chandra Kilaru1, Sudhir Prasad2, Hemanth Kilaru1

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences Karimnagar India.

Respirology Case Reports
|July 27, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Bronchogenic pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) can cause acute respiratory failure, often mimicking other lung diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment of this PTB presentation lead to good patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a critical condition.
  • Bronchogenic PTB is an underrecognized cause of ARF, often presenting with symptoms that mimic acute febrile illness or diffuse interstitial lung disease.

Observation:

  • Four patients with active PTB presented with ARF.
  • Three patients exhibited acute symptoms (fever, dyspnea, hypoxemia) and diffuse radiographic infiltrates.
  • One younger patient presented with lobar consolidation.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis was confirmed via bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and transbronchial lung biopsy.
  • All patients required intensive care management.
  • Prompt antitubercular therapy resulted in clinicoradiological improvement.

Implications:

  • Early recognition and diagnosis of bronchogenic PTB are crucial for managing ARF.
  • Effective antitubercular treatment leads to favorable prognoses in patients with PTB-induced ARF.
  • This case series highlights the importance of considering PTB in the differential diagnosis of ARF.
Keywords:
Active tuberculosisIndiabronchogenic pulmonary tuberculosisrespiratory failure

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