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Related Concept Videos

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots
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Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions in U(1) Quantum Link Models.

Yi-Ping Huang1, Debasish Banerjee1, Markus Heyl1

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|July 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum link models (QLMs) offer new insights into lattice gauge theories, revealing novel phases and dynamics. Researchers explored quantum quenches in U(1) QLMs, connecting theory to experimental quantum simulators.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Quantum link models (QLMs) extend Wilson-type lattice gauge theories, ensuring exact gauge invariance within finite Hilbert spaces.
  • QLMs exhibit equilibrium properties of standard lattice gauge theories and can host unique phenomena like crystalline confined phases.
  • Gauge invariance in QLMs imposes local constraints that significantly impact real-time dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the non-equilibrium evolution in lattice gauge theories using dynamical quantum phase transitions.
  • To investigate quantum quenches in representative U(1) QLMs in (1+1)D and (2+1)D dimensions.
  • To explore the connection between theoretical findings and experimental feasibility in quantum simulators.

Main Methods:

  • Studied quantum quenches in U(1) quantum link models.
  • Focused on initial conditions exhibiting long-range order.
  • Analyzed real-time dynamics through the lens of dynamical quantum phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that QLMs can host novel non-equilibrium phenomena beyond standard lattice gauge theories.
  • Characterized the dynamical quantum phase transitions in (1+1)D and (2+1)D U(1) QLMs.
  • Identified potential experimental platforms for observing these phenomena.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum link models provide a versatile framework for studying non-equilibrium dynamics and phase transitions in gauge theories.
  • The findings offer general principles for real-time dynamics in quantum many-body systems.
  • The study highlights the potential of quantum simulators for exploring fundamental physics in lattice gauge theories.