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Developing Core Capabilities for Local Health Departments to Engage in Land Use and Transportation Decision Making
Stephenie C Lemon1, Karin Valentine Goins, Meera Sreedhara
1UMass Worcester Prevention Research Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (Dr Lemon and Mss Goins and Sreedhara); Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Dr Arcaya); Department of Health Management and Policy, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire (Dr Aytur); Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas (Dr Heinrich); National Association of County and City Health Officials, Washington, District of Columbia (Ms Kerner); Division of Health Management and Policy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Lyn); School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (Dr Maddock); UMass Transportation Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts (Ms Riessman); and Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Schmid).
Objective:
To develop a core set of capabilities and tasks for local health departments (LHDs) to engage in land use and transportation policy processes that promote active transportation.
Design:
We conducted a 3-phase modified Delphi study from 2015 to 2017.
Setting:
We recruited a multidisciplinary national expert panel for key informant interviews by telephone and completion of a 2-step online validation process.
Participants:
The panel consisted of 58 individuals with expertise in local transportation and policy processes, as well as experience in cross-sector collaboration with public health. Participants represented the disciplines of land use planning, transportation/public works, public health, municipal administration, and active transportation advocacy at the state and local levels.
Main Outcome Measures:
Key informant interviews elicited initial capabilities and tasks. An online survey solicited rankings of impact and feasibility for capabilities and ratings of importance for associated tasks. Feasibility rankings were used to categorize capabilities according to required resources. Results were presented via second online survey for final input.
Results:
Ten capabilities were categorized according to required resources. Fewest resources were as follows: (1) collaborate with public officials; (2) serve on land use or transportation board; and (3) review plans, policies, and projects. Moderate resources were as follows: (4) outreach to the community; (5) educate policy makers; (6) participate in plan and policy development; and (7) participate in project development and design review. Most resources were as follows: (8) participate in data and assessment activities; (9) fund dedicated staffing; and (10) provide funding support.
Conclusions:
These actionable capabilities can guide planning efforts for LHDs of all resource levels.
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