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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

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Transformation of Probiotic Yeast and Their Recovery from Gastrointestinal Immune Tissues Following Oral Gavage in Mice
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Bioinspired oral insulin delivery system using yeast microcapsules.

Chinnu Sabu1, Darpan Raghav2, U S Jijith1

  • 1College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India.

Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications
|July 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel oral delivery system for insulin using yeast microcapsules (YMC). This bioinspired approach successfully loaded insulin onto YMC, protected it in the gastrointestinal tract, and demonstrated a significant hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats.

Keywords:
AlginateDiabetes mellitusMacrophageOral insulinYeast microcapsule

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired carbohydrate metabolism.
  • Current insulin delivery methods often involve injections, which can be inconvenient and lead to poor patient compliance.
  • There is a need for effective and patient-friendly oral insulin delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of yeast microcapsules (YMC) as a bioinspired platform for oral insulin delivery.
  • To develop and characterize insulin-loaded yeast microcapsules (IYMC) with enhanced stability and targeted uptake.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of alginate-coated insulin-loaded yeast microcapsules (AL-IYMC) in a diabetic rat model.

Main Methods:

  • Surface loading of insulin onto YMC via electrostatic interaction to form IYMC.
  • Protection of IYMC using an alginate coating to prevent gastrointestinal degradation.
  • Confirmation of cellular uptake mechanism using FITC-conjugated IYMC and RAW macrophages.
  • In vitro insulin release studies using YMC-imprinted gel.
  • Molecular docking to investigate interactions between insulin, β-glucan, and alginate.
  • Oral administration of AL-IYMC in diabetic rats to assess hypoglycemic effects.

Main Results:

  • Successful formation and confirmation of IYMC using fluorescence imaging.
  • Alginate coating effectively protected IYMC in the gastrointestinal environment.
  • Demonstrated cellular uptake of IYMC by macrophages, supporting the proposed endocytosis mechanism.
  • Developed an in vitro method for studying insulin release kinetics.
  • Molecular docking confirmed interactions supporting the stability and loading of insulin.
  • Significant reduction in blood glucose levels observed after oral administration of AL-IYMC in diabetic rats.

Conclusions:

  • Alginate-coated insulin-loaded yeast microcapsules (AL-IYMC) represent a promising bioinspired strategy for oral insulin delivery.
  • The YMC platform facilitates drug loading and potential lymphatic transport.
  • This approach offers a potential alternative to injectable insulin for managing type 1 diabetes.