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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
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Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Shoulder Injury.

Andrew Cibulas1, Alexander Leyva1, George Cibulas2

  • 1Department of Radiology, AdventHealth Orlando, 601 E Rollins St, Orlando, FL 32803, USA.

Radiologic Clinics of North America
|July 29, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers imaging for acute shoulder injuries, detailing how radiologists identify proximal humerus, rotator cuff, and other joint damage. Accurate imaging is crucial for effective patient management and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Bankart lesionBiceps tendon ruptureHill-Sachs lesionNeer classificationProximal humerus fractureRockwood classificationRotator cuff tearShoulder dislocation

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Acute shoulder injuries are frequent clinical challenges.
  • Accurate radiologic evaluation is vital for patient management.
  • Understanding imaging findings impacts treatment decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review imaging features of acute shoulder injuries.
  • To correlate imaging findings with patient management.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview for clinicians and radiologists.

Main Methods:

  • Review of imaging modalities including ultrasound, radiography, CT, and MRI.
  • Discussion of imaging findings for specific shoulder structures.
  • Emphasis on clinically relevant radiographic features.

Main Results:

  • Detailed imaging characteristics of acute injuries to the proximal humerus, glenohumeral joint, rotator cuff, biceps tendon, and AC joint.
  • Correlation of specific findings with implications for acute and long-term care.
  • Highlighting key features for surgical and non-surgical management.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive radiologic assessment is essential for acute shoulder injuries.
  • Imaging findings directly guide clinical and surgical management.
  • This review synthesizes key imaging features for effective patient care.