Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Discovering Middle Ear Anatomy by Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Dissection Manual
Published on: January 11, 2018
Principles of Pediatric Endoscopic Ear Surgery
Kimberly A Miller1, Manuela Fina2, Daniel J Lee3
1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Abstract:
The article describes the unique benefits and challenges of transcanal (and transmastoid) endoscopic ear surgery (EES) for management of middle ear disease in children. It provides a rationale for EES in children and describes differences in anatomy between the pediatric and adult ear. The basic principles of EES, from operating room layout, choice of surgical instruments, and tips and pearls to avoid complications specific to the endoscope, are reviewed. Finally, techniques and outcomes in pediatric EES for tympanic membrane perforation, congenital cholesteatoma, and acquired cholesteatoma are summarized.
Related Concept Videos
The Uncertainty Principle
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
The Pauli Exclusion Principle
The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule
Anatomy of the Ear
Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Concentration

