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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration can...
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles01:30

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Anthropometric Measurements Inform Complete Concentric Collapse Status in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Jordan S Weiner1, Eugene G Chio2, Raj C Dedhia3

  • 1Valley ENT Scottsdale Arizona USA.

OTO Open
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy for hypoglossal nerve stimulation candidacy can be replaced by measuring supine pharyngeal width, body mass index, and neck circumference. These factors predict complete concentric collapse, reducing time and cost for patients seeking sleep apnea treatment.

Keywords:
complete concentric palatal collapsedrug induced sleep endoscopyhypoglossal nerve stimulationlateral pharyngeal wall collapseobstructive sleep apneasupine pharyngeal width

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Published on: December 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Otolaryngology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • Current HNS protocols in the US mandate drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) to exclude patients with complete concentric collapse (CCC).
  • DISE is a costly and time-consuming procedure, posing a barrier to HNS candidacy evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether supine pharyngeal width (SPW), demographic, and polysomnographic variables can predict CCC.
  • To identify alternative, less invasive methods for assessing HNS candidacy.
  • To reduce the reliance on DISE for patient selection for HNS.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, multicenter cohort study involving 600 patients meeting HNS criteria.
  • Measurement of SPW, collection of demographic data, and polysomnographic data.
  • All patients underwent DISE following initial assessments.

Main Results:

  • 587 patients completed the study.
  • Patients with CCC exhibited higher body mass index (BMI) and neck circumference, and lower SPW compared to those without CCC.
  • Significant associations were found between BMI, neck circumference, SPW, and CCC (P < .001 for BMI and neck circumference, P = .008 for SPW).

Conclusions:

  • BMI, neck circumference, and SPW are significant predictors of CCC.
  • These variables can potentially replace DISE for determining HNS candidacy in most patients.
  • Implementing these measures could substantially decrease the time and cost associated with HNS patient selection.