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When two objects come in direct contact with each other, it is called a collision. During a collision, two or more objects exert forces on each other in a relatively short amount of time. A collision can be categorized as either an elastic or inelastic collision. If two or more objects approach each other, collide and then bounce off, moving away from each other with the same relative speed at which they approached each other, the total kinetic energy of the system is said to be conserved. This...
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When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of the object after the collision is the sum of the masses of the original objects, and it moves with a velocity dictated by the conservation of momentum. Although the system's total momentum remains constant, the kinetic energy decreases, and thus such a collision is an inelastic collision. Most of the collisions between objects in daily life are...
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An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...
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Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic collisions between two objects, the equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of internal kinetic energy can be used. For the two objects, the sum of momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. An elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy, and so the sum of kinetic energies before the collision equals...
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It is far more common for collisions to occur in two dimensions; that is, the initial velocity vectors are neither parallel nor antiparallel to each other. Let's see what complications arise from this. The first idea is that momentum is a vector. Like all vectors, it can be expressed as a sum of perpendicular components (usually, though not always, an x-component and a y-component, and a z-component if necessary). Thus, when the statement of conservation of momentum is written for a...
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DNS/DANE Collision-Based Distributed and Dynamic Authentication for Microservices in IoT †.

Daniel Díaz-Sánchez1, Andrés Marín-Lopez2, Florina Almenárez Mendoza2

  • 1University Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain. dds@it.uc3m.es.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel DNS security solution for dynamic IoT microservices in fog computing. It enhances security and scalability by using chameleon signatures and soft delegation for frequent updates.

Keywords:
DANEDNSSECIoTchameleon signaturesmicroservices

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Network Security
  • Distributed Systems

Background:

  • Internet of Things (IoT) devices generate vast data, straining network infrastructure.
  • IoT security is challenged by outdated software and the need for secure, dynamic microservice deployment in fog computing.
  • Existing DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) and DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) struggle with the dynamic nature of IoT microservices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the scalability and security challenges of dynamic IoT microservice instantiation in fog computing environments.
  • To propose a modified DNSSEC/DANE signature mechanism suitable for short-lived, frequently changing microservices.
  • To enhance the flexibility and efficiency of secure service discovery for nomadic IoT users.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of chameleon signatures, which allow re-signing data without re-computation using a secret trapdoor.
  • Definition of a new soft delegation scheme enabling DNS servers to modify constrained zones without impacting primary servers.
  • Integration of chameleon signatures and soft delegation to manage dynamic DNS updates for IoT microservices.

Main Results:

  • The proposed solution significantly improves the efficiency of handling frequent DNS updates caused by dynamic microservice instantiation.
  • Chameleon signatures and soft delegation overcome the limitations of traditional DNSSEC/DANE in static environments.
  • Secure and efficient discovery of dynamic IoT microservices in fog networks is achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of chameleon signatures and soft delegation offers a scalable and secure method for managing dynamic IoT microservices in fog computing.
  • This approach enhances the flexibility required for ubiquitous computing, particularly for nomadic users.
  • The findings pave the way for more robust and adaptable IoT security architectures.