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Transcranial Electrical Brain Stimulation in Alert Rodents
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Transcranial electrical stimulation nomenclature.

Marom Bikson1, Zeinab Esmaeilpour1, Devin Adair1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.

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|July 31, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study clarifies the nomenclature for transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) methods, including tES, tDCS, tACS, and tPCS. Standardized terms are proposed to reduce confusion and support research on brain function and treatment efficacy.

Keywords:
Brain stimulationClassificationNomenclatureTerminologyTranscranial electrical stimulation (tES)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuromodulation
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) encompasses diverse non-invasive brain stimulation techniques.
  • Varied nomenclature for tES methods causes scientific, clinical, and public confusion.
  • Ambiguity stems from the vast parameter space and diverse naming conventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile a cohesive nomenclature for contemporary tES technologies.
  • To clarify existing terminology and incorporate state-of-the-art findings.
  • To balance flexibility for innovation with specificity to minimize ambiguity.

Main Methods:

  • Consolidation and clarification of existing and historical tES terminology.
  • Inclusion of contemporary terms like transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS).
  • Definition of commonly used terms such as electrode, lead, anode, and cathode.

Main Results:

  • A proposed framework for tES nomenclature that respects existing norms.
  • Distinction between similar tES protocols and those with significant differences in safety and efficacy.
  • Clarification of terms to support consensus on efficacy, safety, and regulatory standards.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized tES nomenclature is crucial for advancing research and clinical applications.
  • Clear terminology facilitates consistent reporting of protocols and outcomes.
  • This framework supports the development of consensus on safety and efficacy standards for tES.