Rotational shot put: a phase analysis of current kinematic knowledge

Area of Science:

• Sports Biomechanics
• Athletic Performance Analysis
• Track and Field Dynamics

Background:

• Rotational shot put performance relies on maximizing release distance and velocity.
• Coaches seek to enhance throwing performance through biomechanical analysis.
• Understanding key kinematic variables is essential for optimizing the shot put technique.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize critical kinematic variables in the six phases of rotational shot put.
• To identify biomechanical factors influencing shot put performance and release velocity.
• To provide evidence-based insights for coaching shot put techniques.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of scientific literature was conducted.
• Databases were searched using keywords: 'shot put', 'biomechanics', and 'track and field throwing'.
• Twenty articles meeting specific inclusion criteria were analyzed.

Main Results:

• High transverse thrower-shot angular momentum and translation path are crucial for performance.
• Well-timed sweep leg and arm actions are vital for achieving high angular momentum.
• Momentum development and transference across all phases generate high release velocities.

Conclusions:

• Coaches should consider the interdependence of kinematics and kinetics across all phases of the shot put.
• Optimizing biomechanical changes requires understanding preceding phases.
• Further research into kinetics and energy transfer will enhance kinematic insights for coaching.