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Pulse

Pulse

When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...

Pulse

Pulse

The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...

Drug Absorption: Factors Affecting GI Absorption

Drug Absorption: Factors Affecting GI Absorption

The process of oral drug absorption can be influenced by several factors. Weakly acidic drugs tend to be absorbed more readily from the stomach due to their nonionized state. However, absorption may be less efficient in the upper intestine, where drugs are often ionized. Interestingly, despite the stomach's apparent advantage for drug absorption, its mucous layer can hinder diffusion. Its surface area is also smaller than the intestine's, which can further slow down the absorption rate.

Inverse Hyperbolic Functions and Their Derivatives

Inverse Hyperbolic Functions and Their Derivatives

The shape of a suspension bridge cable hanging under its own weight is described by a catenary curve, which is modeled using the hyperbolic cosine function. This mathematical model accurately captures the balance between gravity and tension acting along the cable. When a particular vertical position on the cable is known, the corresponding horizontal position can be determined using the inverse hyperbolic cosine function, allowing for a detailed analysis of the cable's geometry.Inverse...

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

A ship tracking an approaching aircraft relies on geometric measurements to find out the aircraft’s position relative to the observer. By measuring the slant distance to the aircraft and the angle of elevation, the horizontal and vertical components of the distance can be obtained using trigonometric relationships. This geometric approach provides a basis for analyzing how the observed angle changes as the aircraft moves closer to the ship.To examine the mathematical behavior of the angle...

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

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Published on: June 8, 2018

Laser pulse width control using inverse-Bremsstrahlung photon absorption.

Sungkyun Oh, Sangeun Bae, Campbell D Carter

|August 2, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel optical shutter using inverse-Bremsstrahlung (IB) photon absorption. This method controls laser pulse energy absorption in a variable pressure cell, offering precise shutter timing.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Laser Technology
Plasma Physics

Background:

Nanosecond laser pulses are crucial for various scientific applications.
Controlling laser pulse energy absorption is essential for precise experimental manipulation.
Existing optical shutter technologies have limitations in speed and energy handling.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the inverse-Bremsstrahlung (IB) photon absorption process for laser pulse modulation.
To develop and characterize a novel optical shutter based on IB absorption.
To determine the dependence of the shutter's closing time on gas pressure and laser pulse energy.

Main Methods:

Utilizing nanosecond laser pulses (6 ns FWHM) from a Q-switched, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser.
Employing a variable pressure cell to contain the gaseous medium.
Focusing the laser pulse within the cell to trigger the inverse-Bremsstrahlung absorption process.

Main Results:

The inverse-Bremsstrahlung process rapidly absorbs the majority of the laser pulse energy.
The gaseous medium transitions from transparent to opaque upon activation of the IB process.
The "closing time" of the optical shutter was found to be strongly dependent on both cell pressure and laser pulse energy.

Conclusions:

A variable pressure cell utilizing inverse-Bremsstrahlung acts as an effective virtual optical shutter.
The shutter's response time is controllable by adjusting gas pressure and laser pulse energy.
This technique offers a novel method for precise laser pulse energy modulation in scientific research.