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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Measuring Diffusion Coefficients via Two-photon Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching
Published on: February 26, 2010
Background-free two-photon fluorescence readout via a three-photon charge-state modulation of nitrogen-vacancy
Abstract:
We demonstrate that a background-free readout of two-photon fluorescence from nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a strongly fluorescing environment can be accomplished by all-optical means via a multiphoton charge-state modulation of NV centers in a mixture of negatively charged and neutral NV centers. A 100 fs, 1060 nm output of an ytterbium fiber laser is ideally suited for this modality of multiphoton microscopy, providing, as our experiments show, an efficient two-photon excitation of both NV- and NV0 charge states, but keeping the nonlinearity of n-photon ionization needed for NV-/NV0 charge-state modulation to a minimum, n=3.
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