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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Dan J Stein1, Daniel L C Costa2, Christine Lochner3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town and SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa. dan.stein@uct.ac.za.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|August 3, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic condition causing disability. Research advances understanding of its neurobiology and genetics, leading to better treatments like medication and therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent, chronic neuropsychiatric condition associated with significant global disability.
  • It is a key example within the 'obsessive-compulsive and related disorders' classification, often underdiagnosed and undertreated.
  • Rigorous research has improved recognition, assessment, and outcomes for OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • To highlight advancements in phenomenology, psychobiology, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy.
  • To discuss neurobiological mechanisms, genetic architecture, and treatment strategies for OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on OCD phenomenology, psychobiology, and genetics.
  • Analysis of neurobiological mechanisms, including brain circuits and cellular/molecular dysfunction.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging treatment modalities, including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and neurosurgery.

Main Results:

  • OCD exhibits relatively homogenous symptom dimensions globally, yet requires individualized assessment of symptoms, insight, and comorbidity.
  • Specific brain circuits and cellular/molecular dysfunctions are identified as underlying mechanisms.
  • Effective treatments include serotonin reuptuptake inhibitors, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and neurosurgery for severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • Further integration of global mental health and translational neuroscience approaches is crucial for advancing OCD knowledge.
  • Improved understanding of neurobiology and genetics can lead to enhanced clinical outcomes.
  • Continued research is essential for addressing the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of OCD.