Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

15.7K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
15.7K
Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis02:29

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

12.7K
Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
12.7K
Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

8.0K
This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
8.0K
Preparation of Alcohols via Substitution Reactions01:38

Preparation of Alcohols via Substitution Reactions

7.3K
Overview
Alcohols can be synthesized from alkyl halides via nucleophilic substitution reactions. The highly polar carbon-halogen bond in the substrate makes halide a good leaving group.  The hydroxide ion or water can act as a nucleophile to take the place of halide and form an alcohol. The substitution reactions occur via two different reaction pathways, SN1 or SN2,  depending on the nature of carbon attached to the halide.
Primary alcohols are synthesized from primary alkyl halides, and the...
7.3K
Esters to Alcohols: Hydride Reductions01:17

Esters to Alcohols: Hydride Reductions

4.7K
Esters are reduced to primary alcohols when treated with a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent and proceeds via an aldehyde intermediate.
Lithium aluminum hydride is a source of hydride ions and functions as a nucleophile. The mechanism proceeds in three steps. Firstly, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the ester to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the carbonyl group re-forms,...
4.7K
Esters to Alcohols: Grignard Reaction01:08

Esters to Alcohols: Grignard Reaction

6.0K
The reaction of an ester with a Grignard reagent, followed by hydrolysis of the magnesium alkoxide salt in aqueous acid, yields a tertiary alcohol. In the case of formate esters, secondary alcohols are formed.
The reaction requires two equivalents of the Grignard reagent and introduces two identical alkyl groups, derived from the Grignard reagent, bonded to the hydroxyl-bearing carbon of the alcohol.
The reaction follows the typical nucleophilic acyl substitution mechanism. The Grignard...
6.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An Evaluation of the Complex Relationship between Combat Experiences and Suicide Deaths, Suicide Attempts, and Suicidal Ideation among U.S. Military Veterans.

Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research·2026
Same author

Evaluating diagnostic criteria for compulsive buying-shopping disorder.

Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors·2026
Same author

Emotion Regulation Treatment to Enhance Active Aging in Older Adults with Affective Distress: A Pilot Study.

Journal of contemporary psychotherapy·2026
Same author

Toxic exposure and rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among U.S. military veterans.

Psychiatry research·2026
Same author

Pressure to Acculturate Amplifies Coping-Depression Associations With Alcohol Consequences in Hispanic/Latino College Students.

Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs·2026
Same author

Drinking game behaviors, motivations to play, contextual factors, and perceived risks among university students in New Zealand.

Addictive behaviors·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Caffeine Extraction, Enzymatic Activity and Gene Expression of Caffeine Synthase from Plant Cell Suspensions
09:11

Caffeine Extraction, Enzymatic Activity and Gene Expression of Caffeine Synthase from Plant Cell Suspensions

Published on: October 2, 2018

13.3K

Why are caffeinated alcoholic beverages especially risky?

Melissa M Norberg1, Amie R Newins2, Cassandra Crone1

  • 1Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Room 714, C3A Building, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.

Addictive Behaviors
|August 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Caffeine consumption increases alcohol-related consequences, not by masking intoxication, but by directly amplifying risks. High caffeine intake is strongly linked to adverse outcomes, underscoring the need to limit caffeinated alcohol beverage use.

Keywords:
AlcoholAlcoholic beveragesAlcoholic intoxicationBinge drinkingBlood alcohol contentCaffeineEnergy drinksStudents

More Related Videos

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.5K
Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
09:26

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication

Published on: February 6, 2019

22.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Caffeine Extraction, Enzymatic Activity and Gene Expression of Caffeine Synthase from Plant Cell Suspensions
09:11

Caffeine Extraction, Enzymatic Activity and Gene Expression of Caffeine Synthase from Plant Cell Suspensions

Published on: October 2, 2018

13.3K
The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.5K
Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
09:26

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication

Published on: February 6, 2019

22.0K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Alcohol consumption and caffeine intake often co-occur.
  • Previous research suggests a link between combined consumption and adverse alcohol-related consequences (ARCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if caffeine consumption attenuates subjective alcohol intoxication, a phenomenon termed the 'masking hypothesis'.
  • To examine the relationship between caffeine intake, alcohol consumption, perceived intoxication, and ARCs.

Main Methods:

  • 148 undergraduate students reported alcohol and caffeine consumption on a modified Timeline Followback.
  • Generalized linear mixed models analyzed the impact of alcohol and caffeine on perceived intoxication and ARCs.

Main Results:

  • Higher caffeine intake correlated with increased alcohol consumption and ARCs.
  • Caffeine weakened the association between alcohol consumption and perceived intoxication, and between alcohol consumption and ARCs.
  • The strongest link between ARCs and alcohol consumption was observed at the lowest caffeine intake levels.

Conclusions:

  • Findings do not support the masking hypothesis; caffeine is strongly associated with ARCs independently of alcohol consumption or perceived intoxication.
  • High-dose caffeine consumption is linked to increased ARCs.
  • Reducing the use of caffeinated alcohol beverages is recommended.